Choline (Bitartate) 40 mg Enhanced Formula Syrup (Formula 2)

Choline, a water-soluble nutrient, is classified under the B-complex vitamins. As choline has wide-ranging functions in human metabolism, from its use in cell membrane synthesis to neurotransmitter synthesis, it has to be consumed through the diet. It has been found, however, that although choline can be found in a wide variety of foods, such as wheat germ, egg, and liver, the general population consumes less than the optimal intake of this vitamin. Choline deficiency is now thought to have an impact on diseases such as liver disease, atherosclerosis and possibly neurological disorders (Zeisel, SH and da Costa, K-A. "Choline: An Essential Nutrient for Public Health." Nutr Rev. 2009 November;67(11):615-23). In one of the first studies to examine the association between choline and breast cancer, it was found that breast cancer risk was reduced 24% in women administered high dietary intakes of choline (Xu X, et al. "Choline metabolism and risk of breast cancer in a population-based study." FASEB J. 2008 June;22(6):2045-52). Moreover, people with elevated homocysteine levels are at greater risk of several chronic conditions and diseases including bone fractures, cognitive decline, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. A study demonstrated that a group of men with high homocysteine levels who were given a high daily dose of choline (supplemented as phosphatidylcholine) lowered fasting as well as plasma homocysteine concentrations, proving that choline intake may reduce the risk of cardiovascular disease in humans (Olthof MR, et al. "Choline supplemented as phosphatidylcholine decreases fasting and postmethionine-loading plasma homocysteine concentrations in healthy men." Am J Clin Nutr. 2005 Jul;82(1):111-7).